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progressive bulbar palsy
Progressive bulbar palsy (also known simply as PBP) is a medical condition. It belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases.〔Lapiedra 2002〕 PBP is a disease that attacks the nerves supplying the bulbar muscles. These disorders are characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, spinal cord, brain stem, and pyramidal tracts. This specifically involves the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and hypoglossal nerve (XII).〔Hughes 1998〕
This disorder should not be confused with pseudobulbar palsy or progressive spinal muscular atrophy.〔 The term Infantile progressive bulbar palsy is used to describe progressive bulbar palsy in children.
Some neurologists consider this disorder to be a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but others disagree with that classification.
==Origin==
The disease was first recognized by French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne in 1860 and termed, “labioglossolaryngeal paralysis”.〔Fawcett 2000〕 In 1859, Wachsmuth changed the name to progressive bulbar palsy. In 1869, Charcot studied the involvement of the corticospinal tracts and with Joffroy, who noted the loss of the bulbar motor nuclei, discovered the similarities to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).〔 It was observed that a distinction from ALS was fatigue that predominated in muscles innervated by lower cranial nerve nuclei, rather than the upper motor neurons.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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